1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:05,000 Tonight, one of World War II's most enduring mysteries. 2 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:09,000 A stunning treasure worth half a billion dollars. 3 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:12,000 Lost without a trace. 4 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:16,000 It might be the most expensive and beautiful work of art ever made. 5 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:18,000 It's like it's just vanished. 6 00:00:18,000 --> 00:00:24,000 Now we uncover the top theories surrounding the disappearance of a work of art so remarkable 7 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:27,000 that it's known as the age of the world. 8 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:31,000 The castle suffers tremendous damage. 9 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:35,000 We have to wonder if the amber room destroyed as well. 10 00:00:35,000 --> 00:00:40,000 Stinson Mettawer are convinced that the amber room is hidden behind the castle's walls. 11 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:44,000 Just waiting to be explored and waiting to produce discoveries. 12 00:00:44,000 --> 00:00:48,000 Can a new expedition finally reveal its location? 13 00:00:48,000 --> 00:00:51,000 It's a treasure trove of material. 14 00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:54,000 It's a treasure trove of material. 15 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:59,000 Will we ever be able to find the incomparable amber room? 16 00:01:19,000 --> 00:01:21,000 It's September. 17 00:01:22,000 --> 00:01:25,000 It's September 1941. 18 00:01:25,000 --> 00:01:29,000 Leningrad, USSR. 19 00:01:31,000 --> 00:01:37,000 Nazi forces invade Russia, moving relentlessly east in a vicious sweep of destruction. 20 00:01:37,000 --> 00:01:42,000 As his troops advance, Hitler gives one important order. 21 00:01:43,000 --> 00:01:50,000 Preserve the priceless works of art in Leningrad's Catherine Palace at all costs. 22 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:58,000 Hitler wants to gut Russia, and he wants to steal every work of art he can 23 00:01:58,000 --> 00:02:01,000 and route to conquering the entire country. 24 00:02:01,000 --> 00:02:06,000 The Catherine Palace supposedly houses the most valuable work of art in the world. 25 00:02:08,000 --> 00:02:12,000 The artwork in question is known as the Amber Room. 26 00:02:12,000 --> 00:02:14,000 It's exactly what it sounds like. 27 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:17,000 It's a room covered in beautiful amber panels. 28 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:21,000 Some people estimate it to be worth over half a billion dollars, 29 00:02:21,000 --> 00:02:26,000 making it one of the most expensive and beautiful rooms ever created. 30 00:02:26,000 --> 00:02:32,000 During World War II, the German military stole over 600,000 pieces of art from across Europe, 31 00:02:32,000 --> 00:02:37,000 ransacking billions of dollars worth of priceless cultural artifacts. 32 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:42,000 And some say Hitler wants the Amber Room above all else. 33 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:46,000 Not only does Hitler love art, but he's also a nationalist, 34 00:02:46,000 --> 00:02:52,000 and it infuriates him that there are works of German art outside of German territory. 35 00:02:52,000 --> 00:02:57,000 And the Amber Room is a German work of art that he desperately wants back. 36 00:02:58,000 --> 00:03:03,000 Work began on the room in 1701 in Berlin, which then was part of Prussia. 37 00:03:03,000 --> 00:03:08,000 Frederick I, who rules over the powerful empire in what's now Germany, 38 00:03:08,000 --> 00:03:11,000 originally commissions the Amber Room. 39 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,000 Designed by a sculptor named Andreas Schluter, 40 00:03:14,000 --> 00:03:21,000 and it's lavish and it's resplendent and it's expensive and it's valuable. 41 00:03:22,000 --> 00:03:28,000 Andreas Schluter starts by melting the amber to the point where it is a thick kind of liquid. 42 00:03:28,000 --> 00:03:33,000 At the time, amber wasn't really used like this, so in addition to being a beautiful work of art, 43 00:03:33,000 --> 00:03:35,000 it's also enormously innovative. 44 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:41,000 As if that isn't impressive enough, then these 18th century craftspeople encrust in the jewels 45 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:44,000 and then cover it with gold and silver leaf. 46 00:03:44,000 --> 00:03:50,000 It's also adorned with these four Italian mosaics, making them works of art within a work of art. 47 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:54,000 King Frederick wants a palace that will outshine Francis Versailles, 48 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,000 and he decides that this is going to be the centerpiece. 49 00:03:57,000 --> 00:04:02,000 In 1701, the Amber Room is installed in the Berlin City Palace, 50 00:04:02,000 --> 00:04:04,000 but it won't be there for long. 51 00:04:06,000 --> 00:04:11,000 The Amber Room, unsurprisingly, attracts the attention of another European royal, 52 00:04:11,000 --> 00:04:14,000 Russia's famous Tsar Peter the Great. 53 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:20,000 Peter the Great visits the Berlin City Palace in 1716 and he gets a tour of the Amber Room. 54 00:04:20,000 --> 00:04:24,000 King Frederick is trying to forge an alliance with Russia at the time, 55 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:28,000 and he basically says, you want the Amber Room? You can have it. 56 00:04:29,000 --> 00:04:35,000 Around the time of Empress Catherine the Great, it's installed in the Catherine Palace, 57 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:40,000 and that's where it stays, undisturbed and unmoved for about two centuries. 58 00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:45,000 And even after Russia becomes the USSR and St. Petersburg becomes Leningrad, 59 00:04:45,000 --> 00:04:50,000 the Amber Room is just there pretty peacefully until the Nazis arrive. 60 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:03,000 And here's where the mystery starts, because after the Nazi siege of Leningrad, 61 00:05:03,000 --> 00:05:06,000 the Amber Room goes missing. 62 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:08,000 We know that it was in the Catherine Palace. 63 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:12,000 We know that Hitler sends Nazi troops to go recover it, 64 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:16,000 but that's the last thing we know. Everything else is just theories. 65 00:05:19,000 --> 00:05:23,000 We think that the Nazis do in fact steal the Amber Room from Leningrad. 66 00:05:23,000 --> 00:05:28,000 The most valuable cultural institutions at the time are the old palaces of the Tsars, 67 00:05:28,000 --> 00:05:32,000 and so Hitler sets his sights on those. He's going to tear them apart. 68 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:36,000 He's going to loot. He's going to pillage. He's going to burn them. He's going to destroy them. 69 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:44,000 Hitler gives specific instructions not to destroy the Catherine Palace, 70 00:05:44,000 --> 00:05:48,000 at least not until the Amber Room is found. 71 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:52,000 But apparently finding the Amber Room is easier said than done, 72 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,000 because when the Nazis arrive, they don't see it. 73 00:05:57,000 --> 00:06:00,000 So there's this one room, pretty nondescript, 74 00:06:00,000 --> 00:06:04,000 and the soldiers notice a little bit of plaster on the floor, 75 00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:08,000 and they also notice a little bubbling in the wallpaper right near the seam. 76 00:06:09,000 --> 00:06:13,000 One of the soldiers just slides a fingernail right under the wallpaper, 77 00:06:13,000 --> 00:06:17,000 and there's a little bit of sheepskin or some other covering right behind that, 78 00:06:17,000 --> 00:06:20,000 and just beyond that, there's the glow. 79 00:06:22,000 --> 00:06:23,000 So he starts shouting, 80 00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:27,000 "'Ist here, Ist here!' and his comrades come charging down the hall. 81 00:06:29,000 --> 00:06:32,000 They rip off the wallpaper, and there it is, the Amber Room. 82 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:38,000 The room had been hidden by head Soviet art curator, Anatoly Kuchimov. 83 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:45,000 The original plan is for Kuchimov to pack up as many works of art as possible for safekeeping 84 00:06:45,000 --> 00:06:49,000 and bring them deeper into Russia and away from Nazi hands. 85 00:06:49,000 --> 00:06:52,000 Kuchimov does an analysis of the Amber Room, 86 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:55,000 and he realizes that these panels are very delicate, 87 00:06:55,000 --> 00:06:57,000 and they've become brittle over time, 88 00:06:57,000 --> 00:07:00,000 so there's really only one move left to make. 89 00:07:01,000 --> 00:07:05,000 Kuchimov covers the Amber Room from floor to ceiling. 90 00:07:05,000 --> 00:07:10,000 In thick wallpaper, hoping the Nazis won't look too closely. 91 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:13,000 But in this last ditch effort, 92 00:07:13,000 --> 00:07:15,000 the Germans uncover the roofs, 93 00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:19,000 and unlike Kuchimov, they have all the hands and time that they need 94 00:07:19,000 --> 00:07:22,000 to pack this thing up very carefully and slowly. 95 00:07:22,000 --> 00:07:27,000 They spend about two days dismantling the Amber Room and packing it into crates. 96 00:07:28,000 --> 00:07:31,000 But where does the Amber Room go from here? 97 00:07:33,000 --> 00:07:39,000 The Germans take the Amber Room, along with a number of other important Russian cultural artifacts, 98 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:42,000 and transport them to Konigsberg Castle. 99 00:07:44,000 --> 00:07:47,000 Hitler's ultimate plan is to build a museum, 100 00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:49,000 the greatest museum in the entire world, 101 00:07:49,000 --> 00:07:52,000 and it was going to be in his hometown of Lentz, Austria. 102 00:07:52,000 --> 00:07:54,000 Eventually the Amber Room would go there, 103 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:56,000 but while the museum was being built, 104 00:07:56,000 --> 00:08:00,000 the Amber Room would wait in Konigsberg Castle. 105 00:08:02,000 --> 00:08:05,000 On November 13, 1941, 106 00:08:05,000 --> 00:08:11,000 a local newspaper announces an exhibition featuring the Amber Room at the castle. 107 00:08:11,000 --> 00:08:16,000 So that's the best evidence we have that the Amber Room ever actually went to Konigsberg. 108 00:08:16,000 --> 00:08:19,000 But we don't have any photographic evidence of that, 109 00:08:19,000 --> 00:08:21,000 and so we're not really even sure if that ever happened. 110 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:24,000 Now here's the really unfortunate part. 111 00:08:24,000 --> 00:08:26,000 While we don't know what happened to the Amber Room, 112 00:08:26,000 --> 00:08:30,000 we do know what happened to Konigsberg Castle, and it's not good. 113 00:08:31,000 --> 00:08:38,000 In August of 1944, Britain's Royal Air Force heavily firebombs Konigsberg. 114 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:46,000 After that, the Soviets march in and take Konigsberg. 115 00:08:47,000 --> 00:08:51,000 But as part of the operation, they bring in a large quantity of heavy artillery, 116 00:08:51,000 --> 00:08:52,000 and they shell the city. 117 00:08:52,000 --> 00:08:56,000 By the time of their final occupation of Konigsberg on April 9, 1945, 118 00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,000 90% of the city lies in ruin. 119 00:09:00,000 --> 00:09:02,000 The castle suffers tremendous damage, 120 00:09:02,000 --> 00:09:06,000 so we have to wonder, is the Amber Room destroyed as well? 121 00:09:12,000 --> 00:09:17,000 This would be so embarrassing if the Soviets had actually destroyed the Amber Room. 122 00:09:18,000 --> 00:09:22,000 So they send a team to Konigsberg Castle, led by Professor Alexander Brusoff, 123 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,000 because they have to be sure. 124 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,000 He's able to make it into the castle cellar, 125 00:09:26,000 --> 00:09:30,000 where he discovers the charred remains of three out of the four Italian mosaics 126 00:09:30,000 --> 00:09:32,000 that were part of the Amber Room. 127 00:09:32,000 --> 00:09:36,000 Brusoff thinks the room is toast, and he says as much in a report. 128 00:09:36,000 --> 00:09:38,000 He writes, summarizing all the facts, 129 00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:44,000 we can say that the Amber Room was destroyed between the 9th and the 11th of April, 1945. 130 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:52,000 Brusoff's report won't be the last word on this mystery. 131 00:09:56,000 --> 00:09:59,000 When the Nazis steal the famed Amber Room from Russia, 132 00:10:00,000 --> 00:10:02,000 where do they take it? 133 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:07,000 According to some, it's moved to the Konigsberg Castle. 134 00:10:08,000 --> 00:10:10,000 Where it's ultimately destroyed. 135 00:10:15,000 --> 00:10:17,000 But there at the castle, among the wreckage, 136 00:10:17,000 --> 00:10:21,000 there's only a small percentage of the Amber Room that's found. 137 00:10:21,000 --> 00:10:23,000 This leaves some to wonder, 138 00:10:23,000 --> 00:10:27,000 really, a whole room, and this is all that's left? 139 00:10:27,000 --> 00:10:30,000 A room that took crates and crates to pack away? 140 00:10:30,000 --> 00:10:34,000 This has many theorists thinking, there's got to be another explanation. 141 00:10:35,000 --> 00:10:41,000 What if the Germans move the Amber Room before the Soviet invasion of 1945? 142 00:10:41,000 --> 00:10:43,000 Unmoved! 143 00:10:43,000 --> 00:10:50,000 We have orders given by Adolf Hitler himself on January 21st and January 24th, 1945. 144 00:10:54,000 --> 00:10:56,000 The tide of war has changed. 145 00:10:56,000 --> 00:10:59,000 He knows that Allied forces are moving in, 146 00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:04,000 so he issues orders that all looted material in Konigsberg Castle be moved. 147 00:11:05,000 --> 00:11:10,000 Some speculate that a high-ranking Nazi commander named Eric Koch 148 00:11:11,000 --> 00:11:13,000 follows these orders. 149 00:11:14,000 --> 00:11:18,000 He was in charge of all civil administration, including police and Gestapo operations 150 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:21,000 in East Prussia, Ukraine, and Belarus. 151 00:11:22,000 --> 00:11:24,000 This is a territory that includes Konigsberg, 152 00:11:24,000 --> 00:11:28,000 so anything that happens at Konigsberg Castle is happening under his authority. 153 00:11:29,000 --> 00:11:33,000 Then, in January 1945, Koch flees. 154 00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:40,000 Koch manages to stay on the run for four years until he's captured by the British. 155 00:11:40,000 --> 00:11:45,000 In 1950, he's returned to Poland where he's forced to stand trial for war crimes, 156 00:11:45,000 --> 00:11:47,000 at the end of which he is sentenced to death. 157 00:11:48,000 --> 00:11:54,000 But here's the strange thing, his death sentence is pretty quickly commuted to life imprisonment. 158 00:11:54,000 --> 00:11:57,000 Plenty of Nazis are executed for their war crimes. 159 00:11:57,000 --> 00:12:00,000 There's no real reason for Koch to be spared. 160 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:05,000 His crimes are just as bad as any other Nazi, and he's unrepentant about it. 161 00:12:05,000 --> 00:12:07,000 He's truly a vile person. 162 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:11,000 Is Koch spared because he has valuable information? 163 00:12:12,000 --> 00:12:19,000 Koch's sentence is commuted after a long period of interrogation by Soviet authorities. 164 00:12:19,000 --> 00:12:22,000 And we think that during this interrogation, 165 00:12:22,000 --> 00:12:25,000 Koch reveals that the Amber Room has survived. 166 00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:28,000 And he knows where it is. 167 00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:38,000 According to Eric Koch, Adolf Hitler ordered that the Amber Room be packed up and moved in January 1945. 168 00:12:38,000 --> 00:12:44,000 He reveals that they packed it up into 24 wooden crates and trucked it 60 miles from Konigsberg 169 00:12:44,000 --> 00:12:48,000 to a more fortified Nazi stronghold at Montmerichie, Poland. 170 00:12:48,000 --> 00:12:53,000 Keep in mind that throughout this interrogation, he continues to badmouth the Jews and the Soviets, 171 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:56,000 and he's also singing the praises of Hitler and the Nazis. 172 00:12:56,000 --> 00:13:00,000 It's not like he was trying to tell the Soviets what they wanted to hear. 173 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:05,000 That lens of credibility, that makes this a more of a believable possibility. 174 00:13:06,000 --> 00:13:11,000 This is also a testament to just how important the Amber Room is to the Soviets, 175 00:13:11,000 --> 00:13:16,000 that they're going to spare a top Nazi in exchange for a tip, basically, 176 00:13:16,000 --> 00:13:19,000 just to keep the hope alive of recovering the Amber Room. 177 00:13:20,000 --> 00:13:26,000 But when the Red Army arrives in Montmerichie in the 1950s, they meet an incredible challenge. 178 00:13:29,000 --> 00:13:34,000 Montmerichie was the center of the German command on the Eastern Front, and it was a massive complex. 179 00:13:34,000 --> 00:13:37,000 And Montmerichie hides a few secrets itself. 180 00:13:37,000 --> 00:13:46,000 Above ground, the Germans build about 200 buildings, and the entire fort covers about 600 acres. 181 00:13:46,000 --> 00:13:51,000 But guess what? Underneath the ground, it's even more impressive. 182 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:56,000 There are miles and miles of underground bunkers and tunnels. 183 00:14:01,000 --> 00:14:06,000 It's a hidden maze, and that's because of the fact that during the course of the war, the Nazis backfill. 184 00:14:06,000 --> 00:14:10,000 They fill in some of the tunnels that they had built earlier in the conflict. 185 00:14:10,000 --> 00:14:14,000 Then, with the passage of time, Mother Nature works her magic, 186 00:14:14,000 --> 00:14:19,000 making this underground complex an extraordinarily difficult place to search. 187 00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:24,000 The Russians spend years searching Montmerichie with no results. 188 00:14:25,000 --> 00:14:29,000 So after two decades of searching, the Soviets are so desperate, 189 00:14:29,000 --> 00:14:36,000 they take Koch out of prison in 1970 and bring him to Montmerichie to try to find the Amber Room. 190 00:14:36,000 --> 00:14:42,000 He points at a particular bunker where he thinks the Amber Room was taken, but it's not there. 191 00:14:43,000 --> 00:14:47,000 To that, you could say that maybe Eric Koch's memory had lapsed. 192 00:14:47,000 --> 00:14:52,000 Or he's just trying to survive, because after all, if the Soviets do find the Amber Room, 193 00:14:52,000 --> 00:14:55,000 they have no more reason to keep Eric Koch alive. 194 00:14:56,000 --> 00:15:01,000 Playing the Soviets the way that he did, Eric Koch manages to stay alive for almost another 20 years 195 00:15:01,000 --> 00:15:05,000 until he dies of natural causes in 1986 at age 90. 196 00:15:06,000 --> 00:15:10,000 Even so, the search for the Amber Room continues. 197 00:15:11,000 --> 00:15:14,000 These days, Montmerichie is overgrown and falling apart, 198 00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:20,000 but parts of it are run as a museum by a Polish man named Bartek Plabancik. 199 00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:23,000 And he fully believes that the Amber Room is still there. 200 00:15:24,000 --> 00:15:27,000 They even have a replica of the Amber Room inside of the museum. 201 00:15:27,000 --> 00:15:32,000 And every year, Bartek excavates a different bunker in Montmerichie. 202 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:38,000 It's all he can afford to do one a year, but he's going to keep going until he finds the Amber Room. 203 00:15:39,000 --> 00:15:44,000 So far, they have found tons of Nazi and Soviet artifacts, 204 00:15:44,000 --> 00:15:48,000 but it's estimated that only 1% of the entire compound has been searched. 205 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:54,000 That means that there could be tunnels and bunkers still in that complex, 206 00:15:54,000 --> 00:15:58,000 just waiting to be explored and waiting to produce discoveries. 207 00:15:58,000 --> 00:16:02,000 These tunnels and chambers have been unexplored in over 70 years. 208 00:16:02,000 --> 00:16:07,000 So each dig could be the one that turns up the Amber Room. 209 00:16:09,000 --> 00:16:14,000 For decades after World War II, 210 00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:20,000 a global army of treasure hunters searched for the lost Amber Room. 211 00:16:21,000 --> 00:16:26,000 It's become the obsession of thousands of people across Europe, across the Americas. 212 00:16:26,000 --> 00:16:29,000 People have even gone looking for the Amber Room in Japan. 213 00:16:29,000 --> 00:16:32,000 While some believe it could be in Poland, 214 00:16:32,000 --> 00:16:37,000 two German historians think they know the truth. 215 00:16:37,000 --> 00:16:40,000 The Amber Room. 216 00:16:43,000 --> 00:16:48,000 Eric Stenz and George Mederer see this news story coming out of the Czech Republic in 2007. 217 00:16:48,000 --> 00:16:54,000 A former cook who used to work in Czechoslovakia's Friedland Castle when it was under Nazi rule 218 00:16:54,000 --> 00:16:57,000 tells a fascinating tale. 219 00:16:57,000 --> 00:17:03,000 Back near the end of the war, the cook says that she sees hundreds of SS soldiers arriving at the castle, 220 00:17:03,000 --> 00:17:05,000 bringing in crates. 221 00:17:05,000 --> 00:17:09,000 Every night for two weeks, they carry these crates into the cellar of the castle, 222 00:17:09,000 --> 00:17:11,000 and then they're gone. 223 00:17:12,000 --> 00:17:17,000 Stenz and Mederer immediately think that these are the crates that could hold the Amber Room. 224 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:21,000 When Adolf Hitler orders the Amber Room's evacuation from Konigsberg, 225 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:25,000 if it was moved to Memeriki, it's still dangerously close to the front lines. 226 00:17:25,000 --> 00:17:28,000 It would make sense for it to be moved to Friedland Castle, 227 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:31,000 which is much deeper in German territory. 228 00:17:32,000 --> 00:17:36,000 So they go to Friedland Castle down into the cellar. 229 00:17:36,000 --> 00:17:43,000 They see these two large areas that have been walled off with modern bricks and cement. 230 00:17:43,000 --> 00:17:48,000 They think this seems suspicious, so they go to the Czech authorities. 231 00:17:48,000 --> 00:17:52,000 Who tell them initially that the cellar in the castle doesn't even exist, 232 00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:56,000 but of course they were just there, so this feels like a ridiculous bluff. 233 00:17:56,000 --> 00:18:00,000 At this point, Stenz and Mederer feel like they're getting the run around from the Czech authorities. 234 00:18:01,000 --> 00:18:06,000 But they press on, and they have photographs of the cellar and the walled off areas, 235 00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:09,000 so they go back to the Czech authorities, who basically have to say, 236 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:11,000 oh, you mean that cellar? 237 00:18:11,000 --> 00:18:15,000 Nothing to see there. There's just some books from a Berlin library behind there. 238 00:18:17,000 --> 00:18:23,000 Unsatisfied with this response, Stenz and Mederer ask permission to keep searching Friedland Castle. 239 00:18:24,000 --> 00:18:29,000 Surprisingly, the authorities say yes, and they allow them to continue their investigation. 240 00:18:29,000 --> 00:18:33,000 However, they forbid them from bringing in any kind of special equipment 241 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:37,000 that would allow them to see past these modern walls in this old cellar. 242 00:18:40,000 --> 00:18:44,000 Is it possible the Czech authorities have something to hide? 243 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:50,000 There is one incident that suggests that the Czechs are trying to keep a secret from the rest of Europe, 244 00:18:50,000 --> 00:18:53,000 and it dates back to before the war. 245 00:18:54,000 --> 00:18:59,000 In 1938, as part of a notorious treaty called the Munich Agreement, 246 00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:06,000 this region of Czechoslovakia was ceded to Hitler by Britain, France and Italy to avoid war. 247 00:19:07,000 --> 00:19:10,000 It's considered one of the greatest betrayals in history. 248 00:19:11,000 --> 00:19:17,000 Six months later, Hitler violates the pact and invades the rest of Czechoslovakia. 249 00:19:20,000 --> 00:19:25,000 The Nazis and the Munich Agreement are still a sore subject in all of the Czech Republic, 250 00:19:25,000 --> 00:19:29,000 but particularly in the region where Friedland Castle is located. 251 00:19:32,000 --> 00:19:36,000 Stenz and Mederer are convinced that the amber room is hidden behind the castle's walls, 252 00:19:36,000 --> 00:19:41,000 and their theory is that the Czechs are hiding it because of the Munich Agreement back in 1938. 253 00:19:43,000 --> 00:19:46,000 The Germans betrayed them and all of Europe was in on it. 254 00:19:46,000 --> 00:19:50,000 After the Nazis are kicked out, the Czechs decide not to give the loot back. 255 00:19:51,000 --> 00:19:56,000 They wall it up and hide it, sitting on these national treasures as an act of revenge. 256 00:19:58,000 --> 00:20:03,000 Stenz and Mederer continue to pressure the Czech authorities to reveal what's behind those walls, 257 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,000 and the Czech authorities continue to resist. 258 00:20:08,000 --> 00:20:13,000 While they still haven't revealed what's behind those walls, they insist it is not the amber room, 259 00:20:13,000 --> 00:20:20,000 and they say Stenz and Mederer are just a couple of diluted treasure hunters trying to spin fantasies. 260 00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:27,000 But what if the amber room is not behind any walls? 261 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:32,000 Once again, let's assume that the Nazis did pack up the amber room into 24 crates 262 00:20:32,000 --> 00:20:36,000 and remove it from Konigsberg Castle under Adolf Hitler's orders. 263 00:20:36,000 --> 00:20:40,000 The thing is that at this point in the war, in January 1945, when Hitler gives that order, 264 00:20:40,000 --> 00:20:44,000 the Nazis are expecting to lose a lot of territory in East Prussia. 265 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:46,000 And so they're not going to just move back a few miles. 266 00:20:46,000 --> 00:20:53,000 They need to trigger an overall broader evacuation, and that becomes Operation Hannibal. 267 00:20:55,000 --> 00:21:02,000 So Operation Hannibal is an attempt to evacuate all of East Prussia via the Baltic. 268 00:21:02,000 --> 00:21:07,000 We're talking the German army, civilians, anything they can evacuate. 269 00:21:08,000 --> 00:21:13,000 And some eyewitnesses think they also attempt to rescue the amber room. 270 00:21:13,000 --> 00:21:23,000 Thousands of people descend on the harbor of Gotenhaben, where the converted luxury liner Wilhelm Gustloff is standing by to provide an evacuation. 271 00:21:24,000 --> 00:21:28,000 People are just cramming into this area. They're desperate. There's no turning them back. 272 00:21:29,000 --> 00:21:34,000 They eventually get on the Wilhelm Gustloff. I'm talking about 10,000 people, 273 00:21:34,000 --> 00:21:39,000 and they think this is Noah's Ark. This is their salvation. This is going to get them to safety. 274 00:21:41,000 --> 00:21:46,000 The boat departs on January 30th, 1945. 275 00:21:48,000 --> 00:21:53,000 But the Soviet Navy is waiting for any transports moving back and forth on the Baltic. 276 00:21:53,000 --> 00:21:59,000 And with an hours of departure, the Wilhelm Gustloff is torpedoed and sunk. 277 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:04,000 So we wonder, was the amber room inside of it? 278 00:22:07,000 --> 00:22:16,000 With a death toll of more than 9,000 killed, the sinking of the Wilhelm Gustloff is the greatest maritime disaster in history, 279 00:22:16,000 --> 00:22:20,000 greater than the Titanic and the Lusitania combined. 280 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,000 But was the amber room actually on board? 281 00:22:25,000 --> 00:22:31,000 Evacuaries there report seeing the 24 crates containing the amber room being loaded aboard the ship. 282 00:22:32,000 --> 00:22:41,000 The Russians believe any number of valuable stolen goods are on the Wilhelm Gustloff, including the most valuable one of all, the amber room. 283 00:22:44,000 --> 00:22:47,000 So several months later, the Russians conduct a dive. 284 00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:53,000 They find bodies, equipment, and crates, but no amber room. 285 00:22:53,000 --> 00:22:58,000 But they find something suspicious. It looks like someone has gotten there first, 286 00:22:58,000 --> 00:23:03,000 because there's this large panel that's been removed from the hull of the ship, 287 00:23:03,000 --> 00:23:11,000 and behind that is this big cargo hold that could have held the two dozen or so crates holding the amber room, and it's been emptied out. 288 00:23:12,000 --> 00:23:18,000 They think a theft has taken place, because most of the wreckage is pretty much undisturbed. 289 00:23:18,000 --> 00:23:23,000 So it really looks like someone who knew what they were doing went in and looted this specific area. 290 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:31,000 For the dive team, this discovery is bittersweet, because on the one hand, it means that the torpedo didn't destroy the amber room. 291 00:23:31,000 --> 00:23:33,000 But where is it? 292 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:41,000 The Wilhelm Gustloff is now classified as a war grave, making future expeditions illegal. 293 00:23:42,000 --> 00:23:50,000 If the ship wreck contains more clues to the amber room's whereabouts, they will remain hidden forever. 294 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:58,000 For over 50 years, the search for the amber room started with one question. 295 00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:01,000 Where did it go after the Nazis stole it? 296 00:24:01,000 --> 00:24:08,000 There was no reason to challenge the belief that Hitler's army took the artwork to Konigsberg Castle for display, 297 00:24:08,000 --> 00:24:13,000 until a radical new theory emerged with a shocking twist. 298 00:24:13,000 --> 00:24:17,000 What if the Nazis stole the wrong amber room? 299 00:24:19,000 --> 00:24:29,000 In 1995, a Russian historian named Vladimir Lapsky reveals this new extensive research that he's done, and potentially a new finding. 300 00:24:31,000 --> 00:24:39,000 Lapsky claims to have uncovered proof that Soviet leader Joseph Stalin created a ruse to trick the Germans. 301 00:24:40,000 --> 00:24:49,000 According to Lapsky, it starts out not as a trick at all. It starts out as an act of good will, because in 1939, the Germans and the Russians aren't enemies yet. 302 00:24:49,000 --> 00:24:56,000 They're close neighbors, and they actually have really good reason to try to keep the peace after the devastation of World War I. 303 00:24:56,000 --> 00:25:05,000 They signed the Molotov-Ribbentrop Non-Aggression Pact, which has also been called the Hitler-Stalin Pact. 304 00:25:05,000 --> 00:25:13,000 It's technically a partition of Poland by the two countries, but it serves to try and slow Germany's rapid progression toward war. 305 00:25:13,000 --> 00:25:20,000 To commemorate signing the pact, Stalin orders a copy of the amber room to be made for Hitler. 306 00:25:21,000 --> 00:25:25,000 Stalin intends to give it to Hitler when he finally visits the Soviet Union. 307 00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:30,000 It'll be a nice version. It just won't have all of the precious metals and gems as the original. 308 00:25:30,000 --> 00:25:36,000 It won't be worth about half a billion dollars. It'll be worth more like 10 to 12 million. 309 00:25:37,000 --> 00:25:44,000 Stalin commissions Anatoly Baranovsky, Russia's most famous amber craftsman, to make the copy. 310 00:25:45,000 --> 00:25:51,000 So Baranovsky actually makes a copy, and in addition to that, his apprentices make another copy. 311 00:25:52,000 --> 00:26:01,000 But Hitler never receives the gift. Instead, he breaks the non-aggression pact and invades Russia. 312 00:26:01,000 --> 00:26:10,000 Of course, Stalin knew the reputation that Hitler had. The reputation for stealing art and treasures and taking them back to Germany. 313 00:26:10,000 --> 00:26:13,000 And he knows that Hitler wants the amber room. 314 00:26:13,000 --> 00:26:18,000 So according to this theory, Stalin plays a brilliant trick on his former ally. 315 00:26:21,000 --> 00:26:30,000 The theory goes like this. Before the Nazis were able to get to the Catherine Palace, the Russians were able to swap the original amber room for the reproduction. 316 00:26:30,000 --> 00:26:36,000 And that's what the Nazis steal. The wrong room. The copies of the amber room were made in May 1941. 317 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:43,000 But the Germans don't get to Leningrad until September. And it was during that time that the switch is made. 318 00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:49,000 Vladimir Lapsky says that the Soviets do actually pack up the amber room panels and hide them away. 319 00:26:49,000 --> 00:26:57,000 And they leave the apprentice copy in its place. So it's a bait and switch, the eighth thunder of the world. 320 00:26:58,000 --> 00:27:04,000 So the Nazis were duped. The amber room that they took back to Konigsberg is the fake amber room. 321 00:27:04,000 --> 00:27:11,000 So all of these people who are chasing theories from there, they are chasing the copy, not the original amber room. 322 00:27:11,000 --> 00:27:18,000 From the Russian perspective, this story is a phenomenal bombshell because it would provide relief for Russian authorities. 323 00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:23,000 Because it would be proof that they did not lose or destroy the amber room. 324 00:27:24,000 --> 00:27:29,000 But if this is true, where's the real amber room? 325 00:27:29,000 --> 00:27:40,000 So some believe that in November of 1941, the original amber room was packed up and sent to a pro-Soviet billionaire in the United States named Armand Hammer. 326 00:27:42,000 --> 00:27:49,000 Armand Hammer was a pharmaceutical and oil magnate, and he was the son of Russian immigrants who were big supporters of Lenin. 327 00:27:49,000 --> 00:27:55,000 So Hammer's strong Soviet tides lead to this nickname, Lenin's Chosen Capitalist. 328 00:27:57,000 --> 00:28:07,000 Hammer has this world famous art collection, and it's alleged that the amber room became part of it, maybe as some sort of collateral in his business deals with Russia. 329 00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:11,000 Others think it ended up back where it started. 330 00:28:11,000 --> 00:28:15,000 In 1979, the Soviet government orders yet another copy of the room. 331 00:28:15,000 --> 00:28:23,000 24 years later, this new copy of the amber room is completed, partly paid for by the Germans for a total cost of $11 million. 332 00:28:23,000 --> 00:28:28,000 It is ultimately installed in the Catherine Palace, and that's where it is on display to this day. 333 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:38,000 But there are some who believe that this is actually the real original amber room, that it was pulled out of storage and reinstalled by the Russian government decades later. 334 00:28:40,000 --> 00:28:49,000 That would be an incredible story if it were true, but unless there was a confession by somebody who truly knows, we will never know. 335 00:28:50,000 --> 00:29:04,000 For 75 years, some experts believe the amber room was lost at sea when a German ship called the Wilhelm Gustlov was torpedoed. 336 00:29:04,000 --> 00:29:14,000 But early searches of that turned up nothing, and there's another ship that the Nazis used during the evacuation, and that ship was thought to be lost until now. 337 00:29:15,000 --> 00:29:22,000 Could the amber room actually be on that long lost vessel? The SS Karlsruhe? 338 00:29:24,000 --> 00:29:33,000 The Karlsruhe was made in 1905 as a ship with a 218 foot overall length and a beam of 33 feet. 339 00:29:33,000 --> 00:29:43,000 It was a part of Operation Hannibal in 1945, which was the seaborne evacuation of German military personnel and civilians as the Soviet military approached. 340 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:48,000 And here's the thing, the Karlsruhe departed from Konigsberg. 341 00:29:48,000 --> 00:29:57,000 A lot of people have focused on the Wilhelm Gustlov, which was a much larger ship, and that left from Gotenhafen, which was about 100 miles away. 342 00:29:57,000 --> 00:30:02,000 The Karlsruhe was practically within walking distance of Konigsberg Castle. 343 00:30:04,000 --> 00:30:11,000 The ship departs at nearly the same time the Allies destroy Konigsberg Castle in air raids. 344 00:30:12,000 --> 00:30:24,000 The wreckage of the Karlsruhe has never been found, so in 2020 this Polish diving team decides they're going to go for it, because there could be the most interesting story sitting at the bottom of the Baltic Sea. 345 00:30:26,000 --> 00:30:30,000 The team is led by salvage diver Tomek Stetura. 346 00:30:31,000 --> 00:30:39,000 SS Karlsruhe was one of the 247 ships which sank during the Hannibal operation in 1945. 347 00:30:41,000 --> 00:30:49,000 We were looking for this wreck a few months when we realized that maybe on the deck of this wreck something important. 348 00:30:49,000 --> 00:31:04,000 We didn't want to be too excited, but we have to admit that maybe it's amber room over there, because if the Germans want to send something valuable or something important to them to the west, the Karlsruhe was last chance for them. 349 00:31:06,000 --> 00:31:10,000 So the ship departs Konigsberg on April 11th, 1945. 350 00:31:11,000 --> 00:31:17,000 It was part of a convoy that was headed to the German port of Swinemünde, which is now part of modern day Poland. 351 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:26,000 According to Nazi Navy reports, the ship is carrying 1,083 people, mostly German civilians. 352 00:31:27,000 --> 00:31:33,000 The Karlsruhe also appears to be carrying about 360 tons of other goods on crates. 353 00:31:34,000 --> 00:31:39,000 So the diving team thinks there's a good chance that the amber room is among those crates. 354 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:50,000 So the reports say that the ship was overloaded, which means it probably fell behind the rest of the convoy, making it a perfect target for the Soviet Navy. 355 00:31:52,000 --> 00:32:04,000 It's going to meet the same fate as the Wilhelm Gurslaw. It's going to be torpedoed, it's going to go underwater, everyone on board, everything inside of it goes down with it. 356 00:32:05,000 --> 00:32:12,000 Now Stature's job is to figure out where that happened. 357 00:32:13,000 --> 00:32:18,000 The Baltic is an incredibly challenging place to conduct any kind of an underwater expedition. 358 00:32:19,000 --> 00:32:22,000 It's because of the fact that you have very difficult temperatures during the winter months. 359 00:32:23,000 --> 00:32:27,000 Howling winds and the howling winds churned up extremely heavy surf. 360 00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:33,000 And these are all things that are enemies of conducting any kind of an underwater search. 361 00:32:35,000 --> 00:32:44,000 We had the access to the Russian archives, which said that, 13th of April 1945, Russian aircraft sank SS Karlsruhe. 362 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:54,000 But the problem was that they show five different positions in the distance between each other, it was between 10 to 15 miles. 363 00:32:56,000 --> 00:33:03,000 The problem here is that this ship may have actually engaged in evasive maneuvers, so it could basically turn up anywhere. 364 00:33:04,000 --> 00:33:13,000 But the search team has some original documents, and that's because when the ships sank, the Germans were able to rescue 113 survivors from the wreck. 365 00:33:14,000 --> 00:33:20,000 In addition to that, the British intercepted and decoded transmissions relating to the sinking. 366 00:33:21,000 --> 00:33:24,000 And the British intercepted a German telegram about the rescue as well. 367 00:33:26,000 --> 00:33:32,000 All of the evidence points to an area a few dozen miles north of the Polish town of Ustka. 368 00:33:33,000 --> 00:33:44,000 The ship is about 300 feet down. So this is a dangerous mission, it's an expensive and resource-intense mission, and it's going to take perfect weather and a whole lot of luck. 369 00:33:47,000 --> 00:33:52,000 In June 2020, the Baltic team finally launches their expedition from Gdansk. 370 00:33:53,000 --> 00:34:05,000 We have 300 feet of water, cold, dark water. This dive is very demanding, and we don't need only to dive, we have to work underwater. 371 00:34:06,000 --> 00:34:17,000 We have a lot of good equipment, we have underwater drone, we have multi-beam, we have sonars, and we have 10 very well-trained divers. 372 00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:21,000 This is like an amazing moment in the history. 373 00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:34,000 You know, this is the kind of expedition that truly just lights up the imagination, because there's so much history down at the bottom of the Baltic Sea and potentially the Amber Room. 374 00:34:37,000 --> 00:34:41,000 And it could all resurface for the first time in 75 years. 375 00:34:48,000 --> 00:34:58,000 It's June 2020, and an expedition led by Tomek Stachura is heading into the Baltic Sea on a treasure hunt. 376 00:35:00,000 --> 00:35:09,000 Its mission? Locate the wreck of the torpedoed Nazi steamer SS Karlsruhe and see if the Amber Room's on board. 377 00:35:10,000 --> 00:35:25,000 We don't know exactly what we can expect on the bottom. Maybe the current will be huge, maybe the visibility will be close to zero, or the wreck will be covered by nets. 378 00:35:26,000 --> 00:35:31,000 All of them are very dangerous, so we must be prepared for all conditions. 379 00:35:39,000 --> 00:35:50,000 For 75 years, no one has seen this ship. It's just been lost. But we know that it carried hundreds of tons of Nazi goods. So could the Amber Room be among them? 380 00:35:51,000 --> 00:35:56,000 As the divers descend to 288 feet, the search conditions grow more challenging. 381 00:35:57,000 --> 00:36:11,000 In a safe way, we have to use a lot of equipment. We have to use very high quality drysuit, special underwater heating system. 382 00:36:12,000 --> 00:36:16,000 We have to survive more like three hours underwater. 383 00:36:17,000 --> 00:36:27,000 We have 300 feet of cold, dark water. It's not easy dive, and we have to do it in a very, very safe way. 384 00:36:28,000 --> 00:36:37,000 After a careful 20 minute descent, the divers pinpoint the SS Karlsruhe. 385 00:36:38,000 --> 00:36:47,000 This is the first time the ship has been seen since 1945. 386 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:54,000 So this is the moment. After 75 years, we salvaged Karlsruhe from the dark. 387 00:36:55,000 --> 00:37:12,000 We saw the beautiful wreck, if you can say about the wreck beautiful. I have never seen so many artifacts, so many crates, so many things on the wreck on the bottom. This is amazing. 388 00:37:13,000 --> 00:37:24,000 It's a treasure trove of material. They find china plates that are in great shape. They find military vehicles still intact with the rubber still on the tires. 389 00:37:32,000 --> 00:37:34,000 But what about the Amber Room? 390 00:37:35,000 --> 00:37:42,000 Beneath a large pile of debris, the divers make out what appears to be dozens of sealed crates. 391 00:37:48,000 --> 00:38:00,000 Now that's the most interesting thing, of course. Here we have crates that match the description of the Amber Room. Of course, they might just contain ammunition or silverware, sundries, but what if? 392 00:38:01,000 --> 00:38:09,000 Unfortunately, the team is unable to safely transport the crates. They'll have to return with additional equipment. 393 00:38:12,000 --> 00:38:24,000 So unfortunately, they can't search the crates on this trip. At those depths, you really only have about 30 minutes max down there. The last thing they want to do is potentially damage the Amber Room in the process. 394 00:38:25,000 --> 00:38:39,000 This expedition is step number one to identify the wreck to check what is this. But definitely we need expedition number two when we can check exactly what cargo contains. 395 00:38:41,000 --> 00:38:46,000 Plans are moving forward for a salvage and recovery mission in the next few months. 396 00:38:47,000 --> 00:39:06,000 To check cargo on the car thru it, we need to do it on the proper way. On the proper way, that means that we have to spend days or even weeks on the position that we have to anchor permanently the boat with special equipment for the divers. 397 00:39:07,000 --> 00:39:18,000 This time they'll be bringing many more resources to the effort. They'll have divers that can work on a rotating basis. They'll have equipment that can float large objects. 398 00:39:20,000 --> 00:39:24,000 If they find a crate, they'll need to leave it sealed until they get it to the surface. 399 00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:31,000 The dive team is also going to be bringing a representative from the National Maritime Museum in Gdansk, Poland as an advisor. 400 00:39:32,000 --> 00:39:41,000 It's a once in a lifetime opportunity to bring something as rare and as valuable a cultural resource as the Amber Room to the surface. 401 00:39:45,000 --> 00:39:53,000 This is a mystery on par with the Dead Sea Scrolls and the discovery of King Tut's tomb. Is it down there? I don't know. 402 00:39:53,000 --> 00:39:59,000 But I certainly hope it is because I would love to see this thing finally revealed. I would love to see this mystery solved. 403 00:40:02,000 --> 00:40:15,000 I couldn't imagine how would we feel when we find hard proof on the Carthwares ship that we find Amber Room. This is absolutely out of my imagination. 404 00:40:15,000 --> 00:40:24,000 But perhaps it will be something special and unique and maybe I remember this moment till the end of my life. 405 00:40:24,000 --> 00:40:44,000 Could the Amber Room lie in crates at the bottom of the Baltic Sea? If the dive team is successful and can salvage what's aboard the SS Carlsruhe, we may soon know the answer to this enduring mystery. 406 00:40:44,000 --> 00:40:50,000 I'm Lawrence Fishburne. Thank you for watching History's Greatest Mysteries.